Oviposition and feeding on red pine by jack pine budworm at a previously unrecorded scale

摘要

1 The jack pine budworm Choristoneura pinus pinus is a defoliator distributed throughout the range of jack pine Pinus banksiana in North America. Jack pine budworm feeds primarily on jack pine. More than 2400 hectares of defoliation of red pine Pinus resinosa were noted during an outbreak of C. pinus pinus from 2004-2008 in Minnesota and Wisconsin, U.S.A.