Temporal dynamics of woodpecker predation on emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) in the northeastern USA

摘要

1 Woodpeckers (Picidae) are important natural enemies attacking emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire in North America. There can be considerable variation in predation levels within and between sites, and among different times of year; therefore, understanding what causes these differences is necessary for effectively predicting EAB population dynamics.