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Chlorinated vapor intrusion indicators, tracers, and surrogates (ITS): Supplemental measurements for minimizing the number of chemical indoor air samples—Part 1: Vapor intrusion driving forces and related environmental factors

机译：氯化蒸汽侵入指示剂，示踪剂和替代物（其）：最小化化学室内空气样品数量的补充测量 - 第1部分：蒸气侵入驱动力和相关的环境因素

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Abstract >Vapor intrusion (VI) assessment is complicated by spatial and temporal variability, largely due to compounded interactions among the many individual factors that influence the vapor migration pathway from subsurface sources to indoor air. Past research on highly variable indoor air datasets demonstrates that conventional sampling schemes can result in false negative determinations of potential risk corresponding to reasonable maximum exposures (RME). While high‐frequency chemical analysis of individual chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in indoor air is conceptually appealing, it remains largely impractical when numerous buildings are involved and particularly for long‐term monitoring. As more is learned about the challenges with indoor air sampling for VI assessment, it has become clear that alternative approaches are needed to help guide discrete sampling efforts and reduce sampling requirements while maintaining acceptable confidence in exposure characterization. Indicators, tracers, and surrogates (ITS), which include a collection of quantifiable metrics and tools, have been suggested as a potential solution for making VI pathway assessment and long‐term monitoring more informative, efficient, and cost‐effective. This review, compilation, and evaluation of ITS demonstrates how even low numbers of indoor air CVOC samples can provide high levels of confidence for representing the RME levels (e.g., 95th percentile) often sought by regulatory agencies for less than chronic effects. A two‐part compilation of available evidence for select low‐cost ITS is presented, with Part 1 focused on introducing the concepts of ITS, meteorologically based ITS, and the evidence from data‐rich studies to support lower cost CVOC VI assessments. Part 1 includes the results of quantitative analyses on two robust residential building VI datasets, where numerous supplemental metrics were collected concurrently with indoor air concentration data. These are supplemented with additional less‐intensive studies in different circumstances. These analyses show that certain ITS metrics and tools, including differential temperature, differential pressure, and radon (in Part 2), can provide benefits to VI assessment and long‐term monitoring. This includes indicators that narrow the assessment period needed to capture RME conditions, tracers that enhance understanding of the conceptual site model, and aid in the identification of preferential pathways and surrogates that support or substitute for CVOC sampling results. The results of this review provide insight into the scientifically supportable uses of ITS. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> >蒸汽侵入（VI）评估通过空间和时间变异性复杂，主要是由于在从地下源到室内空气中影响蒸汽迁移途径的许多个体因素之间的复合相互作用。过去的高度可变室内空气数据集的研究表明，传统的采样方案可能导致对应于合理的最大曝光（RME）的潜在风险的假阴性测定。虽然室内空气中的个体氯化有机化合物（CVOC）的高频化学分析在概念性吸引力上，但当涉及许多建筑物，特别是对于长期监测而言，它在很大程度上是不切实际的。由于更多了解有关VI评估的室内空气采样的挑战，很明显，需要替代方法来帮助指导离散采样努力，并降低采样要求，同时保持对暴露表征的可接受的置信度。包括集合可量化的指标和工具的指标，示踪剂和代理人（其）被建议作为制作VI途径评估和长期监测的潜在解决方案，更具信息丰富，高效，高效的。本综述，汇编和其评估证明了较低的室内空气CVOC样品甚至如何为代表RME水平提供高度的信心（例如，第95百分位数）监管机构通常持续的慢性效应。提出了两件汇编的可用证据，选择了低成本的可用证据，第1部分侧重于引入其流星学基础的概念，以及来自丰富的研究的证据，以支持降低成本CVOC VI评估。第1部分包括两个强大的住宅建筑VI数据集的定量分析结果，其中随着室内空气浓度数据同时收集了许多补充度量。这些在不同情况下补充了额外的较少密集的研究。这些分析表明，其特定的其度量和工具，包括差动温度，差压和氡（第2部分），可以为VI评估和长期监测提供益处。这包括缩小捕获RME条件所需的评估期的指标，提高对概念站点模型的理解的追踪者，并有助于识别支持或替代CVOC采样结果的优惠途径和代理。本综述结果提供了对其科学可靠的用途的见解。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-26867/'>《Remediation: The Journal of Environmental Cleanup Costs, Technologies & Techniques》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第3期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共25页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Schuver Henry J.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Schuver Henry J.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lutes Chris&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Lutes Chris;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Kurtz Jeff&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Kurtz Jeff;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Holton Chase&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Holton Chase;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Truesdale Robert S.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Truesdale Robert S.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>U.S. EPA's RCRA Cleanup ProgramWashington DC;</p> <p>CH2M/JacobsRaleigh NC;</p> <p>Geosyntec Consultants Inc.Denver Colorado;</p> <p>CH2M/JacobsDenver Colorado;</p> <p>RTI International Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1986.html" title="一般性问题">一般性问题;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul 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target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> Kuder, T.,</a> <span>2014</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：使用化合物特异性稳定同位素分析来区分蒸汽侵入和室内挥发性有机化合物来源 - 用于蒸汽入侵调查的CsIa协议。</span> </p> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130420965019.html">METHOD OF PREVENTING INTRUSION OF TOXIC VAPOR INTO INDOOR AIR</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  US2013152503A1 </span> <span> . 2013-06-20</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：防止有毒蒸气进入室内空气的方法 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130428123035.html">Tracer to compensate for environmental variations that influence a chemical vapor sensor measurement</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  US7736903B2 </span> <span> . 2010-06-15</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：示踪剂，以补偿影响化学蒸气传感器测量的环境变化 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130436331217.html">TRACER FOR COMPENSATING ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATIONS AFFECTING CHEMICAL VAPOR SENSOR MEASUREMENT</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  JP2007147592A </span> <span> . 2007-06-14</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：补偿影响化学气相传感器测量的环境变化的跟踪器 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div 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