Feasibility of greenhouse gas emissions offsets for natural source zone depletion of petroleum hydrocarbons

McAlexander Benjamin L.

摘要

Abstract > Hydrocarbon biodegradation is an important process for remediating petroleum hydrocarbons and managing large sites. However, this biodegradation results in what are essentially unavoidable CO <sub>2</sub> emissions to the atmosphere. A feasibility assessment was conducted to quantitatively consider reuse options for petroleum brownfields that would offset contaminant respiration emissions rates in the 2 to 10 micromoles CO <sub>2</sub> per meters squared per second (μmol CO <sub>2</sub> m ?2 s ?1 ) typically observed. Under a wide range of solar resource scenarios, placement of solar panels over only a fraction (no more than 35%) of the site footprint is estimated as necessary to achieve an emissions offset. Similarly, placement of one 30‐meter tall wind turbine of moderate rating (approximately 30 to 50 kW) is sufficient to provide an offset for a nominal 1,000 square meters site. For spreading of spent calcium‐rich construction materials, under even a high emissions scenario, the required footprint for the offset is less than the site footprint. While these approaches appear feasible, revegetation as forestland is estimated as sufficient only at contaminant respiration rates up to 2 μmol CO <sub>2</sub> m ?2 s ?1 . Revegetation as rangeland and cropland, which sequesters CO <sub>2</sub> mainly in soil organic carbon, is estimated as requiring more than the site footprint under many contaminant respiration rates. Revegetation as a wetland fares slightly better from a carbon storage perspective, but it also has the potential for N <sub>2</sub> O and CH <sub>4</sub> emissions that may largely undo the benefit from sequestration in soil organic matter. Overall, the results indicate several methods that are viable for achieving emissions offsets and a quantitation method that can be honed with site‐specific input parameters as appropriate. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> > 烃生物降解是修复石油烃并管理大型部位的重要过程。然而，这种生物降解导致基本上不可避免的CO <sub> 2 </ sub> 对大气的排放。进行了可行性评估，以定量考虑石油棕色地区的重用选项，这些选项将抵消2至10微米CO的污染呼吸排放率 <sub> 2 </ sub> 每秒平方（μmolco <sub> 2 </ sub> M. ？2 </ sup> S. ？1 </ sup> 通常观察到。在各种太阳能资源场景下，根据需要估计仅估计分数（不超过35％）的位点足迹，以实现排放偏移量。类似地，将一个30米高的额定值（大约30〜50kW）的一个30米高的风力涡轮机的放置足以为标称1000平方米的场地提供偏移。对于富含钙的建筑材料的蔓延，甚至在高排放场景下，偏移量的需要占用空间少于现场足迹。虽然这些方法看起来可行，但植物兰州的重新植被估计只有在污染物呼吸率最高可达2μmolco <sub> 2 </ sub> M. ？2 </ sup> S. ？1 </ sup> 。作为牧场和农作物的重建，封装有限公司 <sub> 2 </ sub> 主要是在土壤有机碳中，估计需要在许多污染物呼吸率下的位点足迹。从碳储存的角度来看，作为湿地的湿地票价略微频繁，但它也有潜力 <sub> 2 </ sub> o和ch. <sub> 4 </ sub> 可能在很大程度上消除土壤有机物中螯合的益处的排放。总的来说，结果表明了几种用于实现排放偏移的可行性和可以遵守特定于站点的输入参数的定量方法。 </ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" > 著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-26867/'>《Remediation: The Journal of Environmental Cleanup Costs, Technologies & Techniques 》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第2期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b> <span>共10页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=McAlexander Benjamin L.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">McAlexander Benjamin L.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>TrihydroOrono Maine;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span> <a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1986.html" title="一般性问题">一般性问题 ;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature 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<span> 中国专利： CN100420732C </span> <span> . 2008.09.24</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120200922438.html">石油天然气冷冻脱水脱重烃装置</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN2922985Y </span> <span> . 2007.07.18</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130435332677.html">The method and system based on computer for facilitating trade permits and emission offsets between participants, and the methods to compute the emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) or equivalent emission reduction based on the consumption of energy or activities of conservau00e7 Will,To reduce pollution by creating a demand for emission of GHG emission reduction or equivalent of marketable and to operate a market for trading greenhouse gas emission (GHG) or equivalent emission reduction</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  BRPI0506875A </span> <span> . 2007-05-29</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：基于计算机的用于促进参与者之间的贸易许可证和排放抵消的方法和系统，以及根据能源消耗或养护活动计算温室气体排放量或等效排放量减少的方法通过创造温室气体排放量减少量或可销售量的等价物的排放量以及经营温室气体排放量或等同排放量减少量的交易市场来实现污染 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130421687345.html">LCD for microdisplay in e.g. headphone, has backlight sources, each including emissive zones, where emissive zones are formed by organic layer of organic LED that emits light in color corresponding to emissive zones</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  FR2971345A1 </span> <span> . 2012-08-10</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：用于微显示的LCD，例如耳机具有背光源，每个背光源均包含发光区，其中发光区由有机LED的有机层形成，该有机层以与发光区相对应的颜色发光 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130429137492.html">Dry natural gas liquefying method for transporting gas through ship, involves liquefying hydrocarbon depleted gas at pressure to obtain pressurized gas, and relaxing gas until atmospheric pressure to obtain liquid natural gas and fraction</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  FR2921470A1 </span> <span> . 2009-03-27</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：用于通过船运输气体的干式天然气液化方法，包括在压力下液化贫烃气体以获得加压气体，并放宽气体直至大气压以获得液态天然气和馏分。 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="thesis_get_original1" class="downloadBth" style="bottom: 19px;z-index: 999;" onclick="ywcd('0704024044451','4',7,2,1,'',this,24)" class="delivery" prompt="010401" title="通过人工服务将文献原文发送至邮箱" >获取原文</div> <div class="journalsub-pop-up" 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