Ozone therapy in veterinary medicine: A review

摘要

Ozone (O-3) is a triatomic form of oxygen. As O-3 rapidly dissociates into water and releases a reactive form of oxygen that may oxidize cells, the gas mixture of O-3/O-2 is used in medicine. ATP is widely available for cellular activity. 0 3 can be administered via the systemic and local routes. Although O-3 is known as one of the most powerful oxidants, it also promotes antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, it stimulates some of the cells of the immune system and inactivates pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, protozoa, and viruses. Owing to these activities, O-3 is used to improve several diseases, both in human and in veterinary medicine. Considering the wide scope of O-3 application, the aim of this review was to reiterate the mechanisms of action of O-3 and its utilization in different mammalian species (bovine, ovine-caprine, equine, canine, porcine).