Conventional formulations, Challenges, and Nanomedicines in Infective and Non-Infective Skin Diseases Therapy

摘要

Oral-based formulations for the treatment of topical infectious and non-infectious disorders caused numerous adverse reactions including hepatic toxicity, higher metabolism, poor absorption, and serious skin events such as drug-drug interactions resulted from metabolism through the cytochrome P450 system [1-3]. Another preferred routes of administration is topical by which drug molecules deliver to the subcutaneous or epidermis and retained there for an optimum time to exert better therapeutic effect [3-5]. The skin is an ideal site for drug delivery in the treatment of topical infective and non-infective skin disease. But barrier nature of the skin, diseased condition, and physiochemical drug properties makes resistance in drug delivery [6]. Conventional topical formulations such as creams and ointments have failed to achieve controlled drug release and drug targeting for the treatment of topical disorders. For effective anti-infective drug therapies, the required quantity of drug should passes into or through the skin into the epi-dermis/dermis via the sustained release of the drug [7]. But skin retention of the drug molecules is a challenging task to achieve due to restricted permeability through the skin. In this regard, the application of nanotechnology to the medicine entitled as nanomedicine has very bright features in the biomedical field [2-3]. Nanomedicines proved good results in the treatment of topical infectious and non-infectious disorders [8]