Speech perception and cognitive abilities in seniors without subjective hearing loss

摘要

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of elderly test subjects without self-reported hearing loss to perceive, hear and comprehend speech in quiet and noise. Furthermore, the effects of age and cognitive performance on hearing were also investigated. The study included 40 subjects aged over 60 years (average age: 69.3 +/- 7.1 years). The subjects were screened for dementia (DemTect test) to test for any signs of cognitive deficiencies. Average hearing loss (PTA_4) and average high-frequency hearing loss (PTA_HT) were determined. Speech perception in quiet was tested by means of the Freiburg monosyllabic speech test and in noise by means of the Oldenburg sentence test with two different types of noise (temporally continuous and amplitude modulated). While the results of the DemTect test were age-appropriate for 65 % of the subjects, the remaining 35 % showed signs of mild cognitive impairments. The parameters of cognitive performance decreased significantly with age. The hearing loss (PTA_4 and PTA_HT) of the subjects correlated significantly with both age and DemTect score. Speech perception in both quiet and noise decreased significantly with age as well as within the parameters to assess cognitive performance. Seniors should undergo routine hearing screenings in order to detect hearing disorders as soon as possible so that hearing aids can be prescribed at an early stage. This would also allow, patients to get accustomed to their hearing aids early on and to achieve better hearing, thereby improving their quality of life.