Laparoscopic skills training using inexpensive box trainers: Which exercises to choose when constructing a validated training course

摘要

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has developed alongside technological advances in instrumentation because avoiding laparotomy reduces postoperative pain and hospitalisation, allows a more rapid return to normal activities of daily living, and improves cosmetic results. However, it presents technical difficulties for the surgeon-seeing the operative field on a screen rather than directly, and handling instruments remotely, is challenging.