Brief communication: Characteristic properties of extreme wave events observed in the northern Baltic Proper, Baltic Sea

摘要

A significant wave height of 7m has been measured five times by the northern Baltic Proper wave buoy in the Baltic Sea, exceeding 8m twice (2004 and 2017). We classified these storms into two groups by duration and wave steepness. Interestingly, the two highest events exhibited opposite properties, with the 2017 event being the longest storm on record. This storm is also the first where the harshest wave conditions were modelled to occur in the western part of the Baltic Proper. The metrics quantifying the storm's duration and steepness might aid in issuing warnings for extreme wave conditions.