In order to develop a complete un-derstanding of a biological system, information must cover multiple di-mensions. Over the last ten years, we have witnessed decisive advances in bioinformatics, genome sequencing, and high-throughput technologies, that have highlighted the need for approaching biological systems as a whole. Metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, as well as cancer, involve complex genetic, molecular, and envi-ronmental interactions, and systems-based approaches have proven to be instrumental in tackling this complex-ity by integrating genomic, molecular, and physiological data.
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