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Item-specific processing reduces false recognition in older and younger adults: Separating encoding and retrieval using signal detection and the diffusion model

机译:特定项目的处理可降低较旧成年人的虚假识别:使用信号检测和扩散模型分离编码和检索

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Our study examined processing effects in improving memory accuracy in older and younger adults. Specifically, we evaluated the effectiveness of item-specific and relational processing instructions relative to a read-only control task on correct and false recognition in younger and older adults using a categorized-list paradigm. In both age groups, item-specific and relational processing improved correct recognition versus a read-only control task, and item-specific encoding decreased false recognition relative to both the relational and read-only groups. This pattern was found in older adults despite overall elevated rates of false recognition. We then applied signal-detection and diffusion-modeling analyses, which separately utilized recognition responses and the latencies to those responses to estimate contributions of encoding and monitoring processes on recognition decisions. Converging evidence from both analyses demonstrated that item-specific processing benefits to memory accuracy were due to improvements of both encoding (estimates of d' and drift rate) and monitoring (estimates of lambda and boundary separation) processes, and, importantly, occurred similarly in both younger and older adults. Thus, older and younger adults showed similar encoding-based and test-based benefits of item-specific processing to enhance memory accuracy.
机译:我们的研究检测了提高老年人和较年轻成人内存准确性的加工效果。具体而言,我们评估了项目特定和关系处理指令的有效性,相对于使用分类列表范例的年轻人和旧成年人的正确和虚假识别的只读控制任务。在两个年龄组中,项目特定和关系处理改善了正确的识别与只读控制任务,而项目特定的编码可以减少相对于关系和只读组的错误识别。尽管虚假识别的总体升高,但在老年人中发现了这种模式。然后,我们应用了信号检测和扩散建模分析,该分析将识别响应和延迟分别用于估计编码和监测过程的贡献对识别决策的响应。来自两种分析的融合证据证明了对记忆精度的特定物品的处理益处是由于编码(D'和漂移率的估计)和监测(Lambda和边界分离的估计)过程的改进,并且重要的是,同样发生年轻人和老年人。因此,年龄较大的成年人显示出类似的基于编码和基于测试的项目特定处理的益处,以提高记忆精度。

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