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Irrelevant music: How suprasegmental changes of a melody's tempo and mode affect the disruptive potential of music on serial recall

机译:无关的音乐:旋律节奏和模式的Suprace条件变化如何影响串行召回音乐的破坏性潜力

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On tests of verbal short-term memory, performance declines as a function of auditory distraction. The negative impact of to-be-ignored sound on serial recall is known as the irrelevant sound effect. It can occur with speech, sine tones, and music. Moreover, sound that changes acoustically from one token to the next (i.e., changing-state sound) is more disruptive to serial recall than repetitive, steady-state sound. We tested manipulations that resulted in changes in (higher levels of) perceptual organization for more complex tonal stimuli. Within a trial, the first two bars of a well-known melody were repeated (a) in the exact same manner, (b) with variations only in tempo, (c) with variations only in mode (e.g., Dorian or Phrygian), or (d) with variations in both tempo and mode. Participants serially recalled digits in each of the irrelevant sound conditions as well as in a silent control condition. In Experiment 1a, we tested non-music students and, to investigate whether musical expertise affected the findings, additionally tested students majoring in music in Experiment 1b. Across both samples, recall in the irrelevant sound conditions was significantly poorer than in the silent control condition, but only the tempo variation caused an additional harmful effect. The mode variation did not affect recall performance, in either music or non-music students. These findings indicate that, at least with music, changes are a matter of degree and not every additional variation impairs recall performance.
机译:关于口头短期记忆的测试,性能下降作为听觉分心的函数。令人忽略的声音对串行召回的负面影响被称为无关的声音效果。它可以用语音,正弦音调和音乐发生。此外,声音从一个令牌从一个令牌到下一个(即,改变状态声音)更改的声音比重复,稳态声音更令人发指。我们测试了导致(更高水平)感知组织的变化的操作,以获得更复杂的色调刺激。在试验中,以完全相同的方式(b)重复(a)的前两个条,(b)仅在Tempo,(c)中仅具有模式(例如,Dorian或Phrygian)的变化, (d)具有速度和模式的变化。参与者在每个无关的声音条件下串行召回数字以及静音控制条件。在实验1A中,我们测试了非音乐学生,并调查音乐专业知识是否影响了该研究结果,另外测试了专门在实验1B中音乐的学生。在两个样品上,在无关紧要的声音条件下召回比在静音控制条件下显着差,但只有速度变化引起了额外的有害效果。模式变化不影响音乐或非音乐学生的召回性能。这些发现表明,至少有音乐,变化是一个程度的问题,而不是每一个额外变化都会损害召回性能。

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