Sulfamethoxazole persistence in a river water ecosystem and its effects on the natural microbial community and Lemna minor plant

摘要

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a sulfonamide antibiotic commonly used in human and veterinary medicine and frequently detected in surface water as a micro-contaminant. The presence of this antibiotic and its main transformation product N-4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (Ac-SMX) was evaluated in an Italian river water by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and subsequent LC MS/MS determination.