Reprogramming extracellular vesicles with engineered proteins

摘要

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been emerging as a new class of cell-free therapy for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, tissue injuries, and inflammatory diseases. Reprograming native EVs by genetic engineering and other approaches offers an attractive prospect of extending therapeutic capabilities of EVs beyond their natural functions and properties. In this review article, we survey the state-of-the-art methods of EVs engineering and summarize major therapeutic applications of the reprogrammed EVs.