Overcoming resistance and bypassing checkpoints-possible new therapeutic frontiers in oncology

摘要

The armamentarium of systemic oncological therapies has constantly increased in recent years and in addition to standard chemotherapy now includes targeted therapies, anti-hormonal therapies, anti-angio-genic therapies and immunotherapy. All these therapeutic approaches have been proven a clinical success, often significantly prolonging the lives of cancer patients. However, mostly tumours progress as resistance to these therapies develops biologically, defined by either primary or secondary resistance mechanisms.