A new species of Syllis Grube, 1850 including transcriptomic data and an updated phylogeny of Syllinae (Annelida: Syllidae)

摘要

A new species of Syllis Grube, 1850 (Syllidae, Annelida) from marine aquaria is described in this study, including information about its life cycle, laboratory cultures, transcriptomic data, and an updated phylogeny of the group. Syllis malaquini sp. nov. is diagnosed by a slender body with a colour pattern consisting of dorsal dark lines on each segment and a dark stain on the anterior region of the prostomium, blades of falciger compound chaetae bidentate, with proximal and distal teeth of similar length, short dorsal cirri with alternation in length in the anterior body, one bidentate ventral simple chaeta and one dorsal simple chaeta with a distal notch in posterior parapodia, and thin pointed aciculae. Additionally, we present an updated molecular phylogeny of Syllinae, which indicates that Syllis malaquini sp. nov. clusters with specimens of Typosyllis gerundensis (Alos & Campoy, 1981), Syllis hyalina Grube, 1863, and Syllis armillaris (Muller, 1776) from the Mediterranean Sea. The new species is maintained in aquaria and petri dish cultures in the laboratory, and its life cycle was observed and documented. Syllis malaquini sp. nov. reproduces sexually by schizogamy and asexually by fission. Furthermore, transcriptomic data of the new species is provided as a useful tool for further studies and comparative approaches. Syllis malaquini sp. nov. is an interesting organism to study reproduction and regeneration in syllids.