Strategic shortcomings of Varroa destructor control

摘要

In the review the authors summarize the damage of the ectoparasites of honey bee, the problems they face when defending against it and describe viral infections in details. Since 2006, beekeepers have reported the mysterious disappearance of bees worldwide, which is based on initial research into pesticide, environmental hunger due to environmental stress and viruses. However, it has now become clear that partially the varroa mite is responsible for the Colony Collapse Disorder. Nowadays, the greatest economic damage was caused by varroa mite. The defence against varroa mite has several weaknesses, which complicates the efficiency of treatments. The beekeeping practice of the last years showed that due to the one-sided use of chemicals appearance of new resistant variants needs to be considered. The resistance can be developed against any active ingredients. The high bee density of our country increases the rate of mite infestation and reinfection. Beekeepers with non-sufficient professional knowledge do not pro-tect their honeybee colonies with a single treatment, furthermore the failure of closing-treatment contributes to the increase in loss of bee colonies caused by parasites. Experts now agree that a single treatment is not sufficient against the varroa mite. Harmonization of the appropriate treatment method and timing could improve the effectiveness of the treatment. It would be necessary to determine the economic threshold to the diagnosis of the acceptable mite infestation level, but their application is limited to a single geographical area and to a specific time of the apiculture season. The using of economic threshold can contribute to the cost-effective beekeeping and can reduce the harmful effect of unnecessarily applied chemicals on honeybees. In the fight against varroa mite greater importance should be attributed to the Varroa Sensitive Bees (VSB) in the breeding programmes. Additionally, the examination of Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH) behaviour of colonies can provide a new way of protection against Varroa destructor.