Green synthesis and characterization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles using stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) leaf extract

摘要

For the first time, aqueous leaf extract of Urtica dioica was used as a sustainable source of reducing and capping agents to synthesize iron nanoparticles (INPs). In this regard, zero-valent INPs were produced and entrapped in a biologic coating. INPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, vibrating sample magnetometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential TGA. Based on the results, the prepared INPs were completely composed of zero-valent iron atoms without any iron oxide impurities. Nanoparticles were spherical in shape with diameters ranging from 21 nm to 71 nm with a mean particle size of 46 nm. Particles were entrapped in a biologic coating which resulted in formation of complexes ranging from 117 nm to 605 nm. High zeta potential value of these complexes (?82.6 mV) and the presence of hydrophilic groups on the biologic coating provided a stable colloid system. Prepared INPs were non-crystalline (amorphous) having a low magnetization value of 0.14 emu/g. The prepared particles are of significant interest in a wide range of scientific and technical applications.