Waning immunity of one-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine to mumps in children from kindergarten to early school age: a prospective study

摘要

Mumps is an acute respiratory infectious disease characterized by fever and parotitis. It mainly causes benign infection, but more serious acute inflammatory reactions, such as aseptic meningitis, orchitis, and deafness are often reported in children. Vaccines against mumps are available in most countries worldwide. Mumps incidence has dropped dramatically in countries that have implemented large-scale immunization against mumps [1], Additionally, the WHO has recommended that countries that are currently using one-dose mumps-containing vaccine (MuV) to add a second dose to the schedule to ensure long-lasting immunity to mumps [2], Many developed countries have introduced two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) into their National Immunization Program [3-5]. While the first dose is usually administered at 12-18 months of age, the age at the second dose varies from 2 to 12 years [5-7]. Several mumps outbreaks were recently reported in children or adolescents who received two doses of MMR in different countries, such as the Netherlands [4] and the USA [5]. Waning immunity may be also one of the important reasons underlying mumps infection after two doses of the vaccination [1,3,8],