Case Report: A Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium infection in a patient with relapsed T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation

摘要

Abstract Cryptosporidium infection is a rare cause of enterocolitis. In immunocompromised patients, cryptosporidiosis may lead to debilitating and life‐threatening diarrhea and malabsorption, occasionally with multi‐organ involvement. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐ HSCT ) requires long‐term immunosuppressive therapy, while cellular immunity is usually compromised due to intensive conditioning chemotherapy. Diarrhea in patients who underwent allo‐ HSCT may be a sign of an infection, but can also be the result of intestinal graft‐versus‐host disease (Gv HD ). Here, we describe the case of a patient who developed severe diarrhea following allo‐ HSCT for relapsed T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma. Initially, Gv HD was suspected and treatment was initiated accordingly. However, a colon biopsy showed signs of cryptosporide oocysts alongside only low‐grade Gv HD . Following molecular confirmation of the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, an intensive treatment regimen was started. Despite the severe clinical course, the patient recovered and was discharged with only residual symptoms.