Continuous casting of steel includes multiple transfer operations of liquid steel from ladle to mold via the tundish, followed by its solidification to semi-finished products such as blooms, billets or slabs. Since the transfer operations can easily result in the reoxidation of liquid steel, it presents significant challenges in terms of retaining the steel quality obtained through secondary metallurgical operations such as ladle refining, vacuum degassing or RH degassing.
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