Frost sorting on slopes by needle ice: A laboratory simulation on the effect of slope gradient

Li Anyuan; Matsuoka Norikazu; Niu Fujun

摘要

Abstract >Following a previous attempt to reproduce miniature sorted patterns on a level surface, we report the results of a full‐scale laboratory simulation on frost sorting produced by needle ice activity on inclined surfaces. Four models, with different slope gradients (5°, 7°, 9°, 11°), were designed. Stones 6?mm in diameter placed in a grid covered 20% of the surface of frost‐susceptible water‐saturated soil. These models were subjected to 20–40 freeze–thaw cycles between 10°C and ?5°C in 12?hours. The evolution of surface patterns was visually traced by photogrammetry. Needle ice growth and collapse induced downslope movement and concentrations of stones. A model produced incipient sorted circles on a 5° slope, whereas it resulted in three distinct sorted stripes on a 7° slope. The average diameter or spacing of these forms is 9.7–19.4?cm, comparable to those in the field dominated by diurnal freeze–thaw cycles. Surface parallel displacements of stone markers were traced with motion analysis software. The observed downslope stone displacements agree with those expected assuming that surface soil and stones move by repeated heaving perpendicular to the surface and vertical settlement due to gravity, although the growth of curved needle adds complexity to the overall displacements. Copyright ? 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >跟随a以前尝试在水平表面上重现微型排序模式，我们在倾斜表面上的针冰活动产生的霜分类上的全尺度实验室模拟结果。设计了四种型号，设计了不同的坡度梯度（5°，7°，9°，11°）。直径为6？mm的直径放置在玻璃状纤维饱和土壤表面的20％覆盖物。将这些模型在10°C和α5℃之间进行20-40℃至5℃。表面图案的演变在视觉上通过摄影测量追踪。针冰生长和崩溃引起的下坡运动和石头浓度。在5°斜坡上产生初始排序的圆圈，而在7°斜率上导致三条不同的排序条纹。这些形式的平均直径或间距为9.7-19.4厘米，与由昼夜冻融循环为主的领域中的那些相当。用运动分析软件跟踪石标的表面平行位移。所观察到的下坡石位移与假设表面土壤和石头通过重复的垂直于表面和垂直沉降而移动的那些预期的预期同意，尽管弯曲针的生长增加了整个位移的复杂性。版权？ 2017年John Wiley＆amp; SONS，LTD。</ p> </ abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-22319/'>《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第3期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共10页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Li Anyuan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Li Anyuan;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Matsuoka Norikazu&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Matsuoka Norikazu;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Niu Fujun&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Niu Fujun;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil EngineeringCold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou Gansu China;</p> <p>Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba Japan;</p> <p>State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil EngineeringCold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou Gansu China;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=sorted stripes&option=203" rel="nofollow">sorted stripes;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=freeze–thaw&option=203" rel="nofollow">freeze–thaw;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=needle ice&option=203" rel="nofollow">needle ice;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=laboratory simulation&option=203" rel="nofollow">laboratory simulation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=frost creep&option=203" rel="nofollow">frost creep;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=patterned ground&option=203" rel="nofollow">patterned ground;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=periglacial process&option=203" rel="nofollow">periglacial process;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：排序条纹;冻融;针冰;实验室模拟;霜蠕变;图案地面;褶皱过程; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon" id="literaturereference" style="display:none"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent111">引文网络</h3> <div class="referencetab clearfix"> <ul id="referencedaohang"> <li dataid="referenceul">参考文献</li> <li dataid="citationul">引证文献</li> <li dataid="commonreferenceul">共引文献</li> <li dataid="commoncitationul">同被引文献</li> <li dataid="tworeferenceul">二级参考文献</li> <li dataid="twocitationul">二级引证文献</li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference_details" id="referenceList"> <ul id="referenceul"></ul> <ul id="citationul"></ul> <ul id="commonreferenceul"></ul> <ul id="commoncitationul"></ul> <ul id="tworeferenceul"></ul> <ul id="twocitationul"></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704023139211.html">Frost sorting on slopes by needle ice: A laboratory simulation on the effect of slope gradient</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Li Anyuan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Li Anyuan,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Matsuoka Norikazu&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Matsuoka Norikazu,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Niu Fujun&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Niu Fujun </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-22319/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group .</a> <span>2018</span><span>,第3期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：针冰斜坡上的霜分类：坡梯度效果的实验室模拟</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/070404735274.html">Laboratory frost sorting by needle ice: a pilot experiment on the effects of stone size and extent of surface stone cover</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Yamagishi Chizuru&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Yamagishi Chizuru,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Matsuoka Norikazu&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Matsuoka Norikazu </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-22319/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group .</a> <span>2015</span><span>,第4期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：用针冰对实验室霜进行分选：石块大小和表层石覆盖范围影响的初步实验</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-foreign_detail_thesis/0204115871675.html">Effects of slope and fuel load of Pinus halepensis needles beds on fire behaviour: models determined in the laboratory</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=M. 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