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Breeding habitat selection across spatial scales: is grass always greener on the other side?

机译:繁殖栖息地选择空间鳞片:草地总是更加绿色吗?

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Habitat selection theory predicts that natural selection should favor mechanisms allowing individuals to choose habitats associated with the highest fitness prospects. However, identifying sources of information on habitat quality that individuals use to choose their breeding habitat has proved to be difficult. It has also proven difficult to identify dispersal costs that prevent individuals from joining the highest-quality sites. A synthesis that integrates dispersal costs and habitat selection mechanisms across space has remained elusive. Because costs of dispersal are generally distance-dependent, we suggest that a habitat selection strategy of sequential proximity search (SPS) can be favored by natural selection. This strategy requires that animals make decisions at multiple scales: whether to stay or leave the previous breeding site, depending on reproductive success; then, if dispersal is chosen, use information on neighborhood habitat quality to decide whether to stay in the neighborhood or leave, expanding the search area until the nearest suitable site is chosen. SPS minimizes distance-dependent dispersal costs while maximizing benefits of gaining a better habitat. We found evidence of breeding dispersal behavior consistent with this strategy in a kittiwake population stratified into a spatial hierarchy from colonies to nest sites. We used a mixed sequential regression model to study dispersal decisions, indexed by breeding dispersal movement, of 2,558 individuals over 32yr. Scale-dependent dispersal propensities of kittiwakes varied according to breeding status, breeding experience, sex and individual identity. We suggest that distance-dependent dispersal costs result from strong competition among kittiwakes for nest sites. Individual decisions regarding dispersal (whether to leave or not, and where to go) depend on nesting habitat quality as well as the competitive ability required to keep territory ownership in a previous site, or to acquire a new site; this ability varies according to distance between sites and individual characteristics. Additional studies are needed to establish the generality of SPS in habitat selection.
机译:栖息地选择理论预测,自然选择应该有利于机制,使个人选择与最高健身前景相关的栖息地。然而,确定个人用于选择其繁殖栖息地的人居署质量的信息来源已经证明是困难的。它还证明难以识别阻止个人加入最高质量的分散费用。整合跨空间的分散成本和栖息地选择机制的合成仍然难以捉摸。因为分散的成本通常是距离依赖性的,所以我们建议顺序邻近搜索(SPS)的栖息地选择策略可以通过自然选择来青睐。该策略要求动物以多种尺度做出决定:是否留下或离开以前的繁殖网站,这取决于生殖成功;然后,如果选择分散,请使用关于邻境居权品质的信息来决定是否留在邻居或休假,在选择最接近的合适网站之前保持​​搜索区域。 SPS最大限度地减少了距离依赖性的分散成本,同时最大限度地提高了获得更好栖息地的益处。我们发现培育与在从殖民地分层的KittiWake群体中与这种策略一致的分散行为的证据表明。我们利用混合顺序回归模型来研究分散决策,通过育种分散运动进行指责,2,558个以上超过32YR。根据育种状况,育种经验,性别和个人身份,基特韦克的规模依赖性分散效力变化。我们建议依赖距离的分散成本从Kittiwakes之间的强烈竞争导致巢穴网站。关于散列的个人决定(是否离开,以及去哪里)取决于筑巢栖息地质量以及在上一个网站上保留领土所有权的竞争能力,或获得新网站;这种能力根据站点和各个特征之间的距离而变化。需要额外的研究来建立栖息地选择的SPS的一般性。

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