Development of atraumatic heel-stick procedures by combined treatment with non-nutritive sucking, oral sucrose, and facilitated tucking: A randomised, controlled trial

摘要

Background: Preterm infants manifest pain and stress by behavioural agitation and state change. Few studies have explored the effects of combining nonpharmacological interventions, i.e. non-nutritive sucking, oral sucrose, and facilitated tucking, on infants' behaviours across painful procedures.