Evaluation of directive-based performance portable programming models

摘要

We present an extended exploration of the performance portability of directives provided by OpenMP 4 and OpenACC to program various types of node architectures with attached accelerators. To do this, we use examples of algorithms with varying computational intensities for our evaluation, as both compute and data access efficiency are important considerations for overall application performance. We implement the kernels of interest using various methods provided by newer OpenACC and OpenMP implementations, and we evaluate their performance on various platforms including both x86_64 and Power8 with attached NVIDIA GPUs, X86_64 multicores, self-hosted Intel Xeon Phi KNL, as well as an X86_64 host system with Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. Furthermore, we present in detail what factors affected the performance portability, including how to pick the right programming model, its programming style, its availability on different platforms, and how well compilers can optimise and target multiple platforms.