The White House has yet to provide details on the exclusion process that would allow countries to avoid being covered by steel and aluminum tariffs, but analysts and former trade officials believe U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer will try to negotiate voluntary export restraints - a tool he used as deputy USTR in the 1980s that is often considered inadequate in today's trading system. Voluntary export restraints have not been used in decades because countries agreed to phase them out in the Uruguay Round negotiations and eliminate them when they created the World Trade Organization.
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