Streptococcus agalactiae Toxic Shock Syndrome: New Agent, New Challenges: A Case Report and Literature Review

摘要

Toxic shock syndrome is a rare life-threatening disease. The raising of new etiologic agent identification and antimicrobial therapy resistance poses new questions. We report a rare case of Streptococcus agalactiae toxic shock-like syndrome and a literature review focusing on the presentation, current therapeutic challenges, and future approaches. Streptococcus agalactiae, oftentimes referred to as group B streptococcus (GBS), has been associated with an increasing burden of invasive disease. Risk of GBS infection was, for years, considered highest in neonates. Studies show that the population rates increased significantly in all ages in the past decades, but the most pronounced increases were in patients with more than 15 years, whose rates increased from 0.92 to 2.39 per 100 000 population, an average of 6% per annum. Moreover, by 2010, adults contributed 66% of all invasive GBS reports compared with 51% in 1991. The purposes of this case report are to perform a review of the literature and to report an overview of current knowledge about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment, and preventive measures of GBS toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS).