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Ground-based observations of cloud and drizzle liquid water path in stratocumulus clouds

机译:基于地面的云和毛毛雨液体水路中的观测

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The partition of cloud and drizzle water path in precipitating clouds plays a key role in determining the cloud lifetime and its evolution. A technique to quantify cloud and drizzle water path by combining measurements from a three-channel microwave radiometer (23.8, 30, and 90 GHz) with those from a vertically pointing Doppler cloud radar and a ceilometer is presented. The technique is showcased using 1 d of observations to derive precipitable water vapor, liquid water path, cloud water path, drizzle water path below the cloud base, and drizzle water path above the cloud base in precipitating stratocumulus clouds. The resulting cloud and drizzle water path within the cloud are in good qualitative agreement with the information extracted from the radar Doppler spectra. The technique is then applied to 10 d each of precipitating closed and open cellular marine stratocumuli. In the closed-cell systems only similar to 20 % of the available drizzle in the cloud falls below the cloud base, compared to similar to 40 % in the open-cell systems. In closed-cell systems precipitation is associated with radiative cooling at the cloud top < similar to 100W m(-2) and a liquid water path > 200 g m(-2). However, drizzle in the cloud begins to exist at weak radiative cooling and liquid water path > similar to 150 g m(-2). Our results collectively demonstrate that neglecting scattering effects for frequencies at and above 90 GHz leads to overestimation of the total liquid water path of about 10 %-15 %, while their inclusion paves the path for retrieving drizzle properties within the cloud.
机译:在沉淀云中的云和毛毛雨水路的分区在确定云寿命及其演变中起着关键作用。提出了一种通过与来自垂直指向多普勒云雷达的三通道微波辐射计(23.8,30和90GHz)与来自垂直指向多普勒云雷达和天花板的测量来量化云和淋雨水路的技术。使用1 d观察来展示该技术,以导出可降水水蒸气,液体水路径,云水径,毛泽底下毛毛道,毛毛道下方的云底部沉淀到血管下云。云中产生的云和毛毛雨水路与从雷达多普勒光谱提取的信息处于良好的定性协议。然后将该技术施加到10 d沉淀闭合和开放的蜂窝海洋restacumuli。在闭孔系统中,只有20%的云中的可用毛毛绒的可用毛毛绒下降到云基底下方,而开放式电池系统中的相似之处与40%相比。在闭孔系统中,沉淀与云顶部的辐射冷却相关,云顶部<类似于100W m(-2)和液态水路径> 200g m(-2)。然而,云中的毛毛雨开始存在于弱辐射冷却和液态水路径>类似于150g m(-2)时。我们的结果集体证明,忽略了90 GHz频率的散射效果导致大约10%-15%的液体水路的高估,而它们的包容性铺设了检索云中的毛毛雨性质的路径。

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