Mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue regeneration and application to bone healing.

摘要

This synoptic study discusses the current knowledge in bone healing, role of mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue regeneration and contemporary possibilities of supporting regeneration of damaged bone. The article focuses on the research concerning the healing of fractures with extensive loss of bone tissue following trauma, treatment of belatedly healing or non-healing fractures or healing of segmental bone defects following tumour resection, and development of three-dimensional scaffolds planted with mesenchymal stem cells that might be used for reconstruction of such large bone lesions. The possibilities of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells combined with biomaterials into bone defects, including the results of experimental studies dealing with the use of stem cells in the treatment of damaged tissues of the musculoskeletal system in animal models are also presented.