Enhanced DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification of Mitochondrial Genes from Formalin-Fixed Museum Specimens

摘要

Enzymatic methods to clone and manipulate DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (9,13,19) in conjunction with rapidly advancing DNA sequencing technologies (1) are allowing an increasing number of investigators to work directly with DNA from awide variety of organisms and tissue samples. Detailed genetic studies are now becoming feasible using fossil amber, bone, leaves, mummies (4,6,8,11), single hair follicles (17), dried blood stains (22), dung (.5) and a myriad of archival museum specimens including 72°C for 30 s extension.