Middle Miocene Giraffokeryx (Giraffidae) with marks of enamel hypoplasia from Dhok Bun Amir Khatoon, Punjab, Pakistan

摘要

Giraffokeryx punjabiensis is reported from Dhok Bun Amir Khatoon (DBAK), district Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan. The newly recovered material includes two maxillary fragments, three mandibular rami, and seven isolated teeth. The well-preserved specimens enhance our knowledge about G. punjabiensis and can be used as a reference material in the future. The existence of G. punjabiensis along with Dorcatherium and suids suggests the presence of wet meadows, floodplain, and open woodland at the time of the early Middle Miocene deposition in Dhok Bun Amir Khatoon, Lower Siwalik Subgroup. A few studied specimens clearly showed signs of enamel hypoplasia as a nutritional and ecological stress indicator for the late Middle Miocene giraffids of Dhok Bun Amir Khatoon.