Phylogeography of Carpinus japonica and Carpinus tschonoskii (Betulaceae) Growing in Japanese Deciduous Broad-leaved Forests, Based on Chloroplast DNA Variation

摘要

A phylogeographic study of two species of Carpinus. C japonica Blume and C ischonasku Maxim (Betulaceae), based on the distribution patterns of their chloroplast DNA haplotypes, is reported In Japan. these species are mainly distributed in Pacific-type deciduous broad-leaved forests Using 439-440 and 627-629 bp nucleotide sequences of noncodmg regions of chloroplast DNA, we detected 5 and 6 haplotypes among 217 and 181 individuals sampled from 52 and 49 populations of C japonica and C tschonoskii. respectively The geographic distribution patterns of the haplotypes were highly structured We investigated the common phylogeographic patterns between the two species that would indicate the influence of common historical factors such as climate change since the last glacial maximum (LGM) Based on our results, we concluded that the Pacific-type Japanese deciduous broad-leaved forests were split in) at least three refugia during the LGM After the LGM. the species expanded to northern areas or moved to higher altitudes from each refugium thus now occupying northeastern, central and southwestern Japan