An Attempt of Humanitarian Research of Marina Tsvetaeva's Personality

摘要

The article proposes the reconstruction of the personality of Marina Tsvetaeva in the framework of humanitarian and psychological research. The author considers this analysis in particular as allowing to clarify, on the one hand, the general, non-specific characteristics of the humanities, on the other - specific, which distinguish it, for example, from the natural science. In the author's version, Marina Tsvetaeva looks rather unusual: she is an egoist, an esoteric personality based on poetry, which allows her to stand on the side of morality and public morality, finally, Tsvetaeva is a multiple personality. Analyzing the characteristics of Tsvetaeva's two personalities, the author also relies on interesting psychological studies on the subpersonalities of R. Schwartz and the non-adaptive personality of V. Petrovsky. All this allows the author to explain Tsvetaeva's strange actions, the role of her diaries, even the tragedy that happened to her. At the same time, he shows that, on the one hand, the humanities science is a normal science, since it solves certain problems, reality is cognized by constructing ideal objects, humanitarian studies are developed within the framework of science as one of the modern institutions. On the other hand, the humanities have a number of specific features: reliance on texts, inclusion in ideal objects the characteristics, which describe the attitude of the researcher to the studied subject, special criteria of truth and objectivity in humanitarian knowledge. From the point of view of the author, the methodology of humanitarian-psychological research, which involves analyzing the situation and problems of the studied person, attributing to the person fixed characteristics that allow these problems to be resolved, giving the person the "voice", according to M. Bakhtin, makes psychological understanding of the person more substantive and reasonable.