Quantification of the position and depth of the <i xmlns='http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley'>flexor hallucis longusflexor hallucis longus groove in euarchontans, with implications for the evolution of primate positional behavior

Yapuncich Gabriel S.; Seiffert Erik R.; Boyer Doug M.

摘要

Abstract <section xml:id="ajpa23213-sec-0001" numbered="no"> <title type="main">Objective > On the talus, the position and depth of the groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon have been used to infer phylogenetic affinities and positional behaviors of fossil primates. This study quantifies aspects of the flexor hallucis longus groove (FHLG) to test if: (1) a lateral FHLG is a derived strepsirrhine feature, (2) a lateral FHLG reflects inverted and abducted foot postures, and (3) a deeper FHLG indicates a larger muscle. </section> <section xml:id="ajpa23213-sec-0002" numbered="no"> <title type="main">Methods > We used linear measurements of microCT‐generated models from a sample of euarchontans ( n ?=?378 specimens, 125 species) to quantify FHLG position and depth. Data are analyzed with ANOVA, Ordinary and Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares, and Bayesian Ancestral State Reconstruction (ASR). </section> <section xml:id="ajpa23213-sec-0003" numbered="no"> <title type="main">Results > Extant strepsirrhines, adapiforms, plesiadapiforms, dermopterans, and Ptilocercus exhibit lateral FHLGs. Extant anthropoids, subfossil lemurs, and Tupaia have medial FHLGs. FHLGs of omomyiforms and basal fossil anthropoids are intermediate between those of strepsirrhines and extant anthropoids. FHLG position has few correlations with pedal inversion features. Relative FHLG depth is not significantly correlated with body mass. ASRs support a directional model for FHLG position and a random walk model for FHLG depth. </section> <secti </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> <section XML：ID =“AJPA23213-SEC-0001 “编号=”否“> <标题类型=”main“>目标</ title> >在距骨上，使用屈肌vallucis longus </ i>肌腱的凹槽的位置和深度推断化石原始的系统发育亲和力和位置行为。本研究量化了屈肌allucis longus </ i>凹槽（fhlg）的方面以测试IF：（1）横向fhlg是衍生的串鼠脉络特征，（2）横向Fhlg反射倒置和绑架的脚姿势，（3）更深的FHLG表示较大的肌肉。 </ p> </ section> <section xml：id =“ajpa23213-sec-0002”编号=“否”> <标题类型=“main”>方法</ title> >我们使用了微图的线性测量 - 从euarchontans样本（ n </ i>？= 378标本，125种）的生成模型，以量化FHLG位置和深度。通过ANOVA，普通和系统发育通用最小二乘和贝叶斯祖先状态重建（ASR）分析数据。 </ p> </ section> <section xml：id =“ajpa23213-sec-0003”编号=“否”> <标题类型=“main”>结果</ title> > extant strepsirhines，adapiforms，plesiadiforms， Dermopterans，和 ptilocercus </ i>展示横向fhlgs。扩大的人体，亚霉菌狐猴和 tupaia </ i>具有内侧fhlgs。 Emomyiforms和基底化石类化合物的FHLG是肌肉梭碱和外毒素的中间体。 FHLG位置与踏板反转特征几乎没有相关性。相对FHLG深度与体重显着相关。 ASRS支持FHLG位置的定向模型和用于FHLG深度的随机步道模型。 </ p> </ section> <secti </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-18756/'>《American Journal of Physical Anthropology》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2017年第2期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共40页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Yapuncich Gabriel S.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Yapuncich Gabriel S.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Seiffert Erik R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Seiffert Erik R.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Boyer Doug M.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Boyer Doug M.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of Evolutionary AnthropologyDuke University Durham North Carolina;</p> <p>Department of Cell and NeurobiologyKeck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles California;</p> <p>Department of Evolutionary AnthropologyDuke University Durham North Carolina;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/187.html" title="人类学">人类学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=astragalus&option=203" rel="nofollow">astragalus;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=flexor digitorum fibularis&option=203" rel="nofollow">flexor digitorum fibularis;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=prosimian&option=203" rel="nofollow">prosimian;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=strepsirrhine&option=203" rel="nofollow">strepsirrhine;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=grasp‐leaping&option=203" rel="nofollow">grasp‐leaping;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Eosimias&option=203" rel="nofollow">Eosimias;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Pondaungia&option=203" rel="nofollow">Pondaungia;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Purgatorius&option=203" rel="nofollow">Purgatorius;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：黄芪;屈肌Digitorum Fibular;Prosimian;Strepsirhine;Graprashine;Grasping;Eosimias;Pondaungia;炼狱; 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Quantification of the position and depth of the flexor hallucis longusflexor hallucis longus groove in euarchontans, with implications for the evolution of primate positional behavior

摘要