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A chomped chimp: New evidence of tooth marks on an adult chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes verus Pan troglodytes verusPan troglodytes verus )

机译：一个收藏的黑猩猩：成人黑猩猩的牙齿标记的新证据（ pan troglodytes verus pan troglodytes verus pan troglodytes verus ）

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Abstract <section xml:id="ajpa24049-sec-0001" numbered="no"> <title type="main">Objectives > To describe and interpret previously unreported marks on the dry cranium of an adult chimpanzee ( <fc> <fi>Pan troglodytes</fi> </fc> <fi>verus</fi> ) from C?te d'Ivoire at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (USNM 450071). </section> <section xml:id="ajpa24049-sec-0002" numbered="no"> <title type="main">Materials and Methods >All marks on the cranium were documented and assessed through physical examination of the specimen, photography, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), and 3D laser scanning. Pits and punctures were measured with digital calipers for comparison with published carnivore tooth mark measurements. </section> <section xml:id="ajpa24049-sec-0003" numbered="no"> <title type="main">Results >The cranium shows perimortem or postmortem damage to the temporal, occipital, and maxillary regions that is not recent. Size and color variation in the marks suggest two damage events, possibly involving chewing by different animals, at least one of which was a large‐bodied mammal. The 22 tooth pits and punctures (0.89–8.75?mm in maximum length and 0.88–6.63?mm in breadth) overlap in size with those inflicted by wild leopards, the most significant predators of common chimpanzees due to their largely overlapping ecological distributions. </section> <section xml:id="ajpa24049-sec-0004" numbered="no"> <title type="main">Conclusions >Based on qualitative and quantitative evidence, we conclude that leopards are the most likely cause of the most prominent marks on the cranium. However, we cannot rule out the additional possibility of other chimpanzees, although there are no published studies of chimpanzee tooth marks for direct comparison. This study is the most extensive documentation to date of a modern adult chimpanzee skull exhibiting tooth marks by a large mammal, thus providing new evidence to help identify and interpret other events of predation and scavenging of large‐bodied apes in the modern and fossil records. </section> </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> <第XML：ID =“AJPA24049-SEC-0001”编号=“否”> <标题类型=“main”>目标</ title> > 在成人黑猩猩的干燥颅骨上描述和解释先前未报告的标记（ <FC> <fi> pan troglodytes </ fi> </ FC> <fi> verus </ fi> ）来自史密森尼国家自然历史博物馆（USNM 450071）的C？TE D'Ivoire。 </ p> </部分> <第XML：ID =“AJPA24049-SEC-0002”编号=“否”> <标题类型=“main”>材料和方法</ title> >通过对样本，摄影，微计算机断层扫描（Micro-CT）和3D激光扫描的体面检查进行记录和评估颅上的所有标记。用数字卡钳测量凹坑和穿刺，以与发表的肉食牙标记测量相比。</ p> </部分> <第XML：ID =“AJPA24049-SEC-0003”编号=“否”> <标题类型=“main”>结果</ title> >颅骨显示临时或后模糊损伤的时间，枕骨和近颌骨区域。标记的尺寸和颜色变化表明了两种损害事件，可能涉及咀嚼不同的动物，其中至少一个是一个大型哺乳动物。 22个齿坑和穿刺（最大长度为0.89-8.75？mm，以0.88-6.63？mm，以0.88-6.63Ω·mm，宽大与野生豹子造成的那些，由于它们在很大程度上重叠的生态分布，普通黑猩猩的最重要的捕食者。< / p> </部分> <第XML：ID =“AJPA24049-SEC-0004”编号=“否”> <标题类型=“main”>结论</ title> >基于定性和定量证据，我们得出结论，豹子是颅骨上最突出标记的最有可能的原因。然而，我们不能排除其他黑猩猩的额外可能性，尽管没有关于黑猩猩牙齿标记的公布研究以直接比较。本研究是迄今为止最丰富的文档，迄今为止由大型哺乳动物展示牙齿标记的现代成人黑猩猩头骨，从而提供了新的证据，以帮助识别和解释在现代和化石记录中的大型猿类的其他捕食事件和清除。 </ p> </部分> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-18756/'>《American Journal of Physical Anthropology》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2020年第1期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共8页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Eller Andrea R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Eller Andrea R.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Pobiner Briana&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Pobiner Briana;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Friend Sadie&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Friend Sadie;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Austin Rita M.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Austin Rita M.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hofman Courtney A.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Hofman Courtney A.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Sholts Sabrina B.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Sholts Sabrina B.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of AnthropologyNational Museum of Natural History Smithsonian InstitutionWashington District of Columbia USA;</p> <p>Department of AnthropologyNational Museum of Natural History Smithsonian InstitutionWashington District of Columbia USA;</p> <p>Department of AnthropologyRadford UniversityRadford Virginia USA;</p> <p>Department of AnthropologyNational Museum of Natural History Smithsonian InstitutionWashington District of Columbia USA;</p> <p>Department of AnthropologyNational Museum of Natural History Smithsonian InstitutionWashington District of Columbia USA;</p> <p>Department of AnthropologyNational Museum of Natural History Smithsonian InstitutionWashington District of Columbia USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/187.html" title="人类学">人类学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=chimpanzee&option=203" rel="nofollow">chimpanzee;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=predation&option=203" rel="nofollow">predation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=scavenging&option=203" rel="nofollow">scavenging;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=taphonomy&option=203" rel="nofollow">taphonomy;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=tooth marks&option=203" rel="nofollow">tooth marks;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：黑猩猩;掠夺;清除;taponomy;牙齿标记; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_chinas-foreign-trade_thesis/0201268678683.html">Chinese company launches world premiere of new Wi-Fi modem in Zagreb</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=无&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">无 </a> <a 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Boyer Ontl,</a> <span>2015</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes verus）在塞内加尔Fongoli的热带稀树草原栖息地展示的工具辅助狩猎的新证据</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>8. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/open-access_resources_thesis/0100022855584.html ">Affiliative interactions between adult male and immature savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)</a> <b>[O] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Robinson, Margaret Ellen&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Robinson, Margaret Ellen </a> <span>2007</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：成年雄性与未成熟大草原黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes verus）之间的亲缘互动</span> </p> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_world-journal-gastroenterology-english_thesis/0201292622020.html">Peripancreatic collections in acute pancreatitis: Correlation between computerized tomography and operative fi ndings</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Santhi Swaroop Vege&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . Santhi Swaroop Vege</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Joel G Fletcher&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,Joel G Fletcher</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Rupjyoti Talukdar&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,Rupjyoti Talukdar</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-52914/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 世界胃肠病学杂志：英文版 </a> </span> <span> . 2010</span><span>,第34期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_laboratory-medicine-clinic_thesis/0201237622510.html">多维度康复护理模式对精神分裂患者PANSS评分、FIS评分及社会功能缺陷情况的研究</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=付文英&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 付文英</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=余征秀&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,余征秀</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=李奇&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,李奇</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-12698/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 检验医学与临床 </a> </span> <span> . 2017</span><span>,第0z2期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_building-energy-efficiency_thesis/0201292281966.html">Understanding occupancy pattern and improving building energy efficiency through Wi-Fi based indoor positioning</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Y.Wang&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . Y.Wang</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=L.Shao&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,L.Shao</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=侯恩哲&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,侯恩哲</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-9551/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 建筑节能 </a> </span> <span> . 2017</span><span>,第3期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_world-journal-gastroenterology-english_thesis/0201293917621.html">Acute necrotizing pancreatitis as fi rst manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Jeroen I Lenz&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . Jeroen I Lenz</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Jimmy M Jacobs&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,Jimmy M Jacobs</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Bart Op de Beeck&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,Bart Op de Beeck</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-52914/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 世界胃肠病学杂志：英文版 </a> </span> <span> . 2010</span><span>,第23期</span> </span> </div> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120103310121.html">用于WI-FI HALOW网络和低速率无线个域网(LR-WPAN)的共存的网络系统和网络设备</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN110809903A </span> <span> . 2020-02-18</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/061201157739.html">用于在固定网络架构中漫游Wi-Fi接入的PANA</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN101682569B </span> <span> . 2013.04.24</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130403245499.html">Wi-Fi blood glucose record analysis system and method connected to server of insurance company by using the blood glucose monitoring device with bluetooth or Wi-Fi and application</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  KR20190094571A </span> <span> . 2019-08-14</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：使用带有蓝牙或wi-fi的血糖监测装置连接至保险公司服务器的wi-fi血糖记录分析系统及方法及应用 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130411974071.html">device for public lighting based on leds, bench and place bike with taken to delegate the task usb mobile devices, energy storage and power preparation for device wi fi.all the devices are powered by a photovoltaic panel integrated into a scatolato steel corten that serves as a basis for the lighthouse.the bench is made by a vibrated concrete underpinning of lists of ipe wood and teak.the bike is the continuation of the scatolato in corten facing in front of the bench and is placed at the side of the same.at the top of the bench are positioned doors usb useful for recharging of mobile devices such as smart phone or tablet.under the bench is arranged in a box for the accumulator of energy while the device's wi fi can be positioned near the lighthouse in the box.</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  ITCS20140007U1 </span> <span> . 2016-04-23</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：基于led，长凳和地方自行车的公共照明设备，用于委派任务usb移动设备，能量存储和设备无线供电。所有设备均由集成到斯卡托拉托钢corten中的光伏面板供电灯塔的基础是，长凳是由振动的混凝土制成的，基层是石刻的木材和柚木。自行车是斯科滕托的斯科特托托的延续，面对前面的长凳是科滕，并放置在同一侧。长凳的顶部是定位门usb，可用于为智能手机或平板电脑等移动设备充电。长凳下方的盒子中装有能量储存器，而设备的无线网络则可位于盒子中的灯塔附近。 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130475392716.html">the intradosso panel - the concretepartially prefabricated; relieved with the use of cement expanded in areas not resistant; armed with fire and metal sheets welded mesh; to complete work with jets of calcestruzzo for the suture with surrounding elements and with application of plaster cementizio for the fi</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  IT8347712D0 </span> <span> . 1983-02-15</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：内墙板-部分预制的混凝土;通过在无法抵抗的地区使用水泥来缓解压力;用火和金属薄板焊接网;完成了用calcestruzzo射流进行缝合以及周围元件的工作，并完成了石膏骨水泥的应用 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="thesis_get_original1" class="downloadBth" 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