The Impact of The Water Users Associations on The Production and Economic Efficiency for Wheat and Rice in SharkiaGovernorate

摘要

Water problem is the main problem of the strategic issues that face the Egyptian agriculture because the water resources are limited and their utilization efficiency is low. The study aims mainly at studying the economic effects of establishment and formulation of the water user associations on the improved mesqas in Sharkia Governorate. The study collects primary field data from random stratified sample during the period September - November 2015 using the personal meeting with wheat and rice farmers. The primary data have been conducted from 90 farmers in the improved irrigation domain and 90 farmers in unimproved irrigation domain. The qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis techniques have been used to analyze the primary data and present the study results. The main results of the study are: (i) the impacts of the improved surface irrigation projects on the wheat crop are positive. The actual production, minimizing - costs production, maximizing - profit production and net revenue have been increased by 1.94 ardab/feddan, 2.61 ardab/feddan, 3.87 ardab/feddan and 1017.98 LE/feddan, respectively. The total production costs, irrigation operation cost, water irrigation quantity' used have been decreased by 190.06 LE/feddan, 62.94 LE/feddan and 345.74 cubic meter/feddan, respectively.(ii) The impacts of the improved surface irrigation projects on the rice crop are also positive. The actual production, minimizing - costs production, maximizing - profit production and net revenue have beenincreased by 0.39 ton/feddan, 0.61 ton/feddan, 0.92 ton/feddan and 1444.5 LE/feddan, respectively. The total production costs, irrigation operation cost, water irrigation quantity used have been decreased by 510.51 LE/feddan, 114.31 LE/feddan and 477.24cubic meter/feddan, respectively.(iii) The equality in water irrigation distribution among the farmers in the improved irrigation projects fields compared with the farmers in the unimproved irrigation projects fields has been increased. For wheat crop the variation coefficients of the used water irrigation quantities in improved and unimproved irrigation projects fields are estimated at 18.35% and 39.53%, respectively. For rice crop the variation coefficients of the used water irrigation quantities inimproved and unimproved irrigation projects fields are estimated at 8.67% and 47.45%, respectively. Consequently, the improved irrigation projects are very important to achieve their objectives in the old land.