Comparison of meat yield in young bulls of slovak pied breed, braunvieh, pinzgau and its crosses with piemontese

摘要

We assessed the meat yield in young bulls of breeds dept in submontane and mountain regions of Slovakia; it was determined in intensive breeding conditions. We compare the meat yield in yonng bulls of Slovak Pied breed (S), Slovak Pinzgau breed (P), Braunvieh (B) and crosses of improved Pinzgau cattle (P X R) with the Piemontese meat breed (PPI). The experiment was a long-term one, lasting from 150 to approx, 455+-5 days of age. Young bulls of s breed achieved the highest live weight 588.44 kg at the end of the experiment, at average daily live weight gains 1 392 kg. Young bulls of B breed weighed 538.91 kg at the end of the experiment, with live weight gains 1 276g. In group P the live weight at the end of the experiment was 498.13 kg and in group PPI it was 489.46 kg, at live weight gains 1223 and 1218g. We found the highest net energy of fattening per 1 kg gain in the groups P 20.38 and PPI 20.16 MJ. This consumption was only 16.48 in group S, and 18.78 MJ in group B. The highest net dressing percentage (64.04%) was found in PPI crosses, insignificantly lower one in B (62.39%), significantly lower one in S (61.24%) P<0.05, and highly significantly lower one in P (60.56%) P<0.01. The lowest fat deposition was found in PPI crosses, in which we found the proportion of visceral fat 2.78% out of live weight before killing and 8.09% separable fat out of the carcass side. Highly significantly higher (P<0.01) fat edposition was found in young bulls B(3.58%) and S(3.70% out of live weight before killing). Similarly, we found higher deposition of separable fat in young bulls B(13.24%) and S(14.69%) during the technological dressing. Higher deposition of visceral and separable fat in carcass sides of young bulls B and S was caused by higher weight at slaughter and higher growth intensity. We found higher proportion of meat (78.16%), proportion of 1~(st) quality meat (43.29%) and the lowest proportion of bones (15.34%) in carcass sides of PPI crosses at technological dissection compared with bulls of other breeds.