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Ecological niche modelling of three pipistrelle bat species in semiarid Mediterranean landscapes

机译:地中海半干旱景观中三种小蝠蝠的生态位建模

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Wetlands and aquatic habitats in Mediterranean environments are very scarce in general, representing a limiting resource for all species. For pipistrelle bats, such environments are essential and so those species living in sympatry have to develop mechanisms of niche partitioning to avoid direct competition. We used ecological niche models and habitat suitability maps (HSMs) to study the ecological requirements and possible interspecific interactions between three sympatric species of pipistrelles in semiarid Mediterranean landscapes. The results point to differences between the three species: Pipistrellus kuhlii has the largest proportion of optimal habitat (despite being the least common), Pipistrellus pygmaeus has the highest value of marginality and the most common, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, is a habitat-tolerant and generalist species. However, all three species show a strong preference for aquatic habitats and there is a high degree of overlapping between them, so that their coexistence must obey fine-scale mechanisms of niche partitioning. The profound alterations that have occurred in Mediterranean ecosystems as a result of substantial changes in the landscape uses (intensive agriculture and urbanization) may favour P. pipistrellus and be detrimental to the other two species, especially P. kuhlii.
机译:通常,地中海环境中的湿地和水生生境非常稀缺,这代表了所有物种的资源有限。对于pipistrelle蝙蝠来说,这种环境是必不可少的,因此,生活在共生系统中的那些物种必须发展生态位分配机制,以避免直接竞争。我们使用生态位模型和栖息地适应性地图(HSMs)来研究半干旱地中海景观中pipistrelles的三种同养物种之间的生态需求和可能的种间相互作用。结果表明这三个物种之间存在差异:Pipistrellus kuhlii的最佳栖息地比例最大(尽管是最不常见的),Pipistrellus pygmaeus的边际价值最高,最常见的Pipistrellus pipistrellus是耐栖息地的通才种类。但是,这三个物种都对水生生境表现出强烈的偏好,并且它们之间存在高度重叠,因此它们的共存必须遵守生态位分配的精细机制。由于景观用途的重大变化(集约化农业和城市化),地中海生态系统发生了深刻的变化,可能会给P. pipistrellusus带来好处,并且不利于其他两个物种,尤其是P. kuhlii。

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