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Soil chemical properties in abandoned Mediterranean cropland after succession and oak reforestation

机译:演替和橡树造林后废弃地中海农田的土壤化学性质

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Large extents of cropland have been abandoned in recent decades and more may be abandoned in the near future. These may undergo secondary succession or reforestation. We experimentally tested the response of soil chemical properties to secondary succession (old field) and to Quercus ilex plantation (reforested cropland) in a Mediterranean cropland that was abandoned 13 years ago. We also evaluated the relevance of previous reforestation management (four combinations of presence and absence of irrigation and shading) in addition to current environmental conditions (herbaceous community and cover of oak canopy) on soil chemistry in the reforested cropland. Carbon and NH_4~+-N concentrations and availability of mineral N were higher in the reforested cropland than in the old field. However, soil pH, total N, P, K and NO_3~--N concentrations, mineralization rates, and available PO_4~(3-)-P were similar in the reforested cropland as well as in the old field. Previous reforestation management practices, particularly irrigation, and current environmental conditions, mostly biomass and composition of the herbaceous community, affected soil chemistry. Irrigation increased K and P concentrations and NH_4~+-N availability. This study highlights the overall slow dynamics of soil chemistry in Mediterranean ecosystems, which has resulted in little variation of soil properties in reforested cropland after more than a decade. Reforestation can accelerate the recovery of some soil properties of abandoned cropland in comparison with secondary succession, but these effects will be more noticeable in longer time periods.
机译:近几十年来,大部分农田已被废弃,不久的将来可能会被废弃。这些可能会经历次生演替或重新造林。我们通过实验测试了土壤化学性质对次生演替(旧田)和13年前被废弃的地中海农田中栎栎人工林(重新造林的农田)的响应。我们还评估了先前的造林管理(存在和不存在灌溉与遮荫的四种组合)以及当前环境条件(草木群落和橡树冠层的覆盖)与造林农田土壤化学的相关性。退耕还林地的碳,NH_4〜+ -N浓度和矿质氮的利用率均高于旧田。然而,在退耕还林地和旧土地上,土壤pH,总氮,磷,钾和NO_3-〜N的浓度,矿化率和有效的PO_4〜(3-)-P相似。先前的造林管理实践(尤其是灌溉)和当前的环境条件(主要是草本群落的生物量和组成)影响了土壤化学。灌溉增加了钾和磷的浓度以及NH_4〜+ -N的利用率。这项研究强调了地中海生态系统中土壤化学的整体缓慢动态,这导致经过十多年的重新造林的农田土壤特性几乎没有变化。与次生演替相比,重新造林可以加速废弃农田的某些土壤特性的恢复,但是在更长的时期内,这些影响将更加明显。

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