Undo the brake of tumour immune tolerance with antibodies, peptide mimetics and small molecule compounds targeting PD‐1/PD‐L1 checkpoint at different locations for acceleration of cytotoxic immunity to cancer cells

摘要

Recent clinical success of immunotherapy that inhibits the negative immune regulatory pathway programmed cell death protein‐1/PD‐1 ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) has initiated a new era in the treatment of metastatic cancer. However, greater challenges remain to treat all cancers. The molecular architecture in the immune synapse constituting positive engagements for immune activation and negative checkpoints against immune