Performance of 'Conference' pear on self-rooted trees and several Old Home x Farmingdale, seedling and quince rootstocks in Spain.

摘要

Eleven pear rootstocks were evaluated on pear (Pyrus communis) cv. Conference trees at the IRTA Experimental Station of Lleida, Spain, during 1996-2003. The majority were quince rootstocks (Cydonia oblonga), some of which (EMC and EMA) had cv. Comice as an interstem; the rest were Pyrus (OH x F clones, Kirschensaller seedling and self-rooted Conference trees). The trees were planted at a planting distance of 4x1.75 m and trained in central axis. The most vigorous trees were the OH x F 333 and seedlings, followed by the self-rooted and OH x F 69. All the OH x F clones demonstrated greater vigour than the quince types. BA-29 and Comice/MA showed greater vigour than the other quince rootstocks and EMC was the least vigorous. The use of interstems increased tree vigour. The highest cumulative yields per tree were obtained on self-rooted trees and quince, and the lowest on seedlings, OH x F 69 and EMC. Interstems did not have a significant effect on yield. In general, yield efficiency was inversely correlated with tree vigour. The most efficient rootstocks were EMC, Sydo and Adams (Angers quince selections from France and Belgium, respectively), and the lowest were the seedling, self-rooted and OH x F clones. A good relationship was established between TCSA and the percentage of space occupied by the trees (R2=0.77). Self-rooted trees, OH x F clones and seedlings induced smaller fruit size than quince and lower SSC. Amongst the quinces, EMC produced the smallest fruit size. Fruits from self-rooted trees were less affected by russeting. Trees on EMC showed the greatest sensitivity to iron chlorosis, intermediate levels of sensitivity were recorded on BA-29 and OH x F 69 and the lowest levels were found on seedlings, self-rooted trees and OH x F 333. Quince types, and in particular BA-29 and EMA, always produced the largest fruit size, while self-rooted, seedling and OH x F types produced the smallest. As far as fruit russeting was concerned, the fruit surface area affected was consistently smaller on self-rooted trees, followed by OH x F types and seedlings, with EMC proving the most sensitive..