Influence of new training systems of dwarf and semidwarf apple trees on yield, its quality and canopy illumination.

摘要

Apple trees of Elstar grafted on very dwarf rootstock P 22, and Sampion on M 26, were planted in spring 1994 at 4.0 x 1.3 and 4.0 x 1.8 m, respectively and trained as HYTEC, Solen, Mikado and spindle systems. During the 6-year experiment (1994-1999)in Skierniewice, Poland, Sampion trees grafted on M 26 grew 70% stronger than Elstar on P 22 and yielded 2.5 times as much fruit per tree and almost 2 times as much per hectare. Training system HYTEC and Solen depressed tree growth compared to Mikado and spindle. Trees of both cultivars trained using the Mikado system were the most productive followed by spindle, Solen and HYTEC. Fruit size was the best from trees trained as Mikado. Light, measured in 3 horizontal levels (0.5, 1.2 and 1.8 m) above theground, was more evenly distributed in Mikado and HYTEC trees.