Evaluation of three sweet cherry cultivars and one sour cherry hybrid on dwarfing rootstocks.

摘要

The Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals has worked for more than half a century on stone fruit breeding in Hungary. One of its important tasks is the breeding of sweet and sour cherry scion cultivars. In connection with this breeding, the Institute also looks for promising cherry rootstocks. An evaluation trial of these rootstocks was planted in 1997. Eight rootstocks, Weiroot 13, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72, Weiroot 154, Weiroot 158, P-HL-A, GiSelA 5 and Cerasus (Prunus) avium C. 2493 (bred by professor Nyujto at the Research Institute for Fruitgrowing in Cegled) were chosen with Cerasus (Prunus) mahaleb 'Cema' ('C 500', bred in Cegled) as control. Cerasus (Prunus) avium 'F 12/1' grew 10% stronger than Cerasus (Prunus) mahaleb 'Cema'. 'Germersdorfi 3', 'Linda' and 'Katalin' sweet cherry cultivars and the sour cherry cultivar 'IV-2/152' (Piramis) were grafted on the rootstocks. The trial design consisted of 3 trees per treatment in 2 replications. This trial was set up at two distinct locations in South-Hungary at Zakanyszek (near Szeged) and at Erd Elvira major, in the experimental field of the Institute. Both trials were irrigated. The preliminary observations on vegetative growth showed significant differences. The weakest vegetative growth was recorded on Weiroot 72 and GiSelA 5. The highest yield was recorded on trees grafted on GiSelA 5. The fruit diameter was homogenous among the sweet cherry cultivars except with the Linda/GiSelA 5 combination, where oversetting occurred, giving reduced fruit sizes. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72, Weiroot 158 and GiSelA 5 showed the best yields per tree volume ratio.