Midstream urine sampling is necessary for accurate measurement of the urinary level of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in healthy female subjects

摘要

Background: Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an established biomarker of acute kidney injury, however, the levels are affected by the number of white blood cells in the urine. As we suspected the portion of the urinary stream sampled could also have a significant influence on the urinary NGAL levels in female subjects, we investigated the influence of the urine sampling procedure on the urinary NGAL levels.