THE GALL-MITE COLOMERUS VITIS (ERIOPHYIDAE), AND ITS OCCURRENCE ON CRIMSON GLORY VINE (VITIS COIGNETIAE)

摘要

The gall-mite Colomerus vitis (Pagenst.) (Eriophyidae, Cecidophyinae) is best known as the cause of conspicuous and disfiguring erineum galls of leaves of grapevine, Vitis vinifera. The species was described from Germany by Pagenstecher (1857), as Phytoptus, but was subsequently referred to Eriophyes by Nalepa (1890) and more recently to Colomerus by Jeppson (in Jeppson et al. 1975). The mite is native to Europe on wild grapevines (now rare and included on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, though currently in category ‘Least Concern'; Kyratzis et al. 2011; Ferragut et al. 2008) but also infects commercial vines and ornamental cultivars. It is the most frequent phytophagous species on wild grapevines and its natural enemies, mostly belonging to the mite families Phytoseiidae and Tydeidae, have been studied by Ferragut et al. (2008). The mite has spread widely and is present now in most of the grapevine-growing areas of the world. It is frequently referred to, unsurprisingly,as the 'grapevine erineum mite’ or 'grapevine blister mite'. Mites overwinter beneath bud scales and reinfect developing leaves in spring, inducing the development of the erinea. However, this is only one of three modes of infection, first described by Smith & Stafford (1948), in which this mite has been implicated.