Experimental investigation and thermodynamic re-assessment of the ternary copper-nickel-lead system

摘要

Due to their high corrosion resistance and thermal stability, Cu-Ni-alloys have essential role in many materials engineering applications. Lead is an alloying element in these alloys although it may also be considered as an impurity in certain cases. In copper rich alloys, lead tends to diffuse into the grain boundaries and weaken the hot-working properties. In addition to alloys design, accurate knowledge of phase relations and solubilities in the ternary Cu-Ni-Pb system has important role in improving the copper and nickel smelting and refuting processes.