Challenges for Quality of Data in Smart Cities

摘要

Smart cities use multimodal information coming from heterogeneous sources, including various types of the Internet of Things (IoT) data such as traffic, weather, pollution, and noise data. The smart city data usually have different quality of information (QoI). QoI of each data source mainly depends on three factors: (1) errors in measurements or precision of the data collection devices, (2) noise in the environment and quality of data communication and processing (including network-dependent quality of service parameters), and (3) granularity of the observations and measurements in both spatial and temporal dimensions. Furthermore, various environments have different requirements that will determine the efficacy of using the data in the smart city applications; some systems have energy restrictions; and some wireless networks could rely on low bandwidth or intermittent connectivity. Most smart city applications also have to deal with huge volumes of data, with high velocity, dynamicity, and a variety of types of data.