The incidence of neurodegenerative disease is increasing mostly in western countries due to the many cofactors involved. Among them, environmental factors (contaminants, pollution, climatic changes), antigenic pressure (microbial infections), life style disorders (smoke, alcohol, diet) as well as alteration of intestinal microbiota seem to represent the major etiopathogenic determinants of neurodegeneration. Nutraceuticals or functional foods have recently been object of intensive investigation for their capacity to prevent or attenuate the onset of many chronic diseases, even including neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, in the present special issue of Current Pharmaceutical Design, entitled "Nutraceuticals and Prevention of Neurodegeneration", an update of the mechanisms of action of the major nutraceuticals active in the prevention of the neurodegenerative process will be provided.
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