Phosphonium plastic crystal salt alloyed with a sodium salt as a solid-state electrolyte for sodium devices: phase behaviour and electrochemical performance

摘要

Mixtures of triisobutylmethylphosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (P1i444FSI) with different concentrations of NaFSI display composition-dependent phase behaviour with depression of the melting point upon NaFSI addition and suppression of crystallisation in the middle of the phase diagram and a higher-melting-point, NaFSI-rich mixed-phase region at compositions beyond 60 mol% NaFSI. Thermal treatment of the intermediate compositions results in complete crystallisation of the materials. All compositions showed high ionic conductivity (>10(-5) S cm(-1)) at 20 degrees C, and Na symmetric cells containing high concentration of NaFSI (Na|[Na-0.9(P-1i444)(0.1)]FSI|Na) were cycled efficiently at 50 and 90 degrees C at 0.05 and 0.1 mA cm(-2), respectively. Intermediate composition (Na|[Na-0.6(P-1i444)(0.4)]FSI|Na) cells were cycled at room temperature and 50 degrees C at 0.25 mA cm(-2) with very low and stable cell polarisation (200 mV).