Planning of Endocranial Supratentorial Basal Cistern and Skull Base Approaches Depending on Venous Patterns Using a Topogram

摘要

BACKGROUND: Because damage or sacrifice of venous drainage during supratentorial basal cistern and skull base approaches may have severe and harmful consequences, methods to identify preoperatively veins at risk are of paramount importance. Among methods, a codified assessment with a venous topogram is helpful, with practical implications.